Actual Freedom – Definitions

Definitions

Hemotropic; Placental; Viviparity


Hemotropic; Placental; Viviparity:

• placental or placentate (adj.): (esp. of animals) having a placenta (i.e., the vascular organ formed in the uterus during pregnancy, consisting of both maternal and embryonic tissues and providing oxygen and nutrients for the foetus and transfer of waste products from the foetal to the maternal blood circulation); [e.g.]: “placental mammals”; see also eutherian⁽⁰¹⁾. ~ (Collins English Dictionary).

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⁽¹⁾eutherian (adj.): of, relating to, or belonging to the Eutheria, a subclass of mammals all of which have a placenta and reach an advanced state of development before birth; the group includes all mammals except monotremes and marsupials; (n.): any eutherian mammal. [C19: from New Latin Euthēria, from Greek eu- + thēria, plural of thērion, ‘beast’]. ~ (Collins English Dictionary).

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⁽¹⁾eutherian (n.): any of various mammals of the infraclass Eutheria, including all of the species, such as primates, carnivores, whales, ruminants, bats, and rodents, in which the female bears live young which are nourished before birth by means of a complex placenta; (adj.): eutherian; also called placental mammal. [from New Latin Euthēria, infraclass name, from Greek eu- + Greek thēria, plural of thērion, ‘wild animal’, from thērion, diminutive of thēr, ‘beast’]. ~ (American Heritage Dictionary).

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• viviparous (adj.): (of placental mammals) having the development of the young inside the body of the mother, the young being born live rather than hatching from an egg; (adv.): viviparously; (n.): viviparity, vivipary, viviparism, viviparousness; cf. oviparous⁽⁰²⁾. [C17: from Latin vīviparus, from vīvus, ‘alive’ + parere, ‘to bring forth’]. ~ (Collins Dictionary of Biology).

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⁽⁰²⁾oviparous (adj.): (of fishes, reptiles, birds, etc) producing eggs which hatch outside the body of the mother; (adv.): oviparously; (n.): oviparity; cf. viviparous¹; ovoviviparous (i.e., producing eggs which are hatched within the body, as certain reptiles or fishes, so that the young are born alive but without placental attachment). ~ (Collins English Dictionary).

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• viviparous (adj.): giving birth to living young which develop within the mother’s body rather than hatching from eggs; most mammals are viviparous; cf. oviparous, ovoviviparous; (n.): viviparity; (adv.): viviparously. [from Latin vīviparus, from vīvus, ‘alive’ + -parus, ‘-parous’]. ~ (American Heritage Student Science Dictionary).

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• placental mammal (n.): mammals having a placenta (mammal=any warm-blooded vertebrate having young born alive, except for the small subclass of monotremes and marsupials, and nourished with milk); (synonyms): placental, eutherian, eutherian mammal (Eutheria, subclass Eutheria = all mammals except monotremes and marsupials). ~ (Princeton’s WordNet 3.0).

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• hemotrophic (adj.): pertaining to nutrients carried in the blood. [from hemo-, prefix denoting blood; [e.g.]: haemophobia, from Greek haima, ‘blood’ + trophic, of or relating to nutrition, from Greek trophikos, ‘pertaining to food’, from trophē, ‘food’, from trephein, ‘to feed’]. ~ (Farlex and Partners Medical Dictionary).

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• hemotrophic nutrition (adj.): transplacental passage of nutrients from the maternal bloodstream to the foetal circulation. ~ (Farlex and Partners Medical Dictionary).
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• hemotroph (n.): the total of all the nutritive material from the circulating blood of the maternal body, utilised by the early embryo; (adj.): hemotrophic. ~ (Miller-Keane Encyclopaedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health).

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• hemotroph, hemotrophe (n.): the nutritive materials supplied to the embryos of placental mammals through the maternal bloodstream; cf. histotroph⁽⁰³⁾. [from hemo-, prefix denoting blood + Greek trophē, ‘food’]. ~ (Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing).

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⁽⁰³⁾histotroph (n.): the sum total of nutritive material derived from maternal tissue other than the blood, utilised by the early embryo; cf. embryotroph⁽⁰⁴⁾. ~ (Miller-Keane Encyclopaedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health).

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⁽⁰⁴⁾embryotroph (n.): 1. nutritive material supplied to the embryo during development; 2. in the implantation stages of deciduate placental mammals (e.g., humans), fluid adjacent to the blastocyst; a mixture of the secretion of the uterine glands, cellular debris resulting from the trophoblastic invasion of the endometrium, and exuded plasma [from embryo-, prefix denoting related to the embryo, from Greek embryon, ‘a young one’ + Greek trophē, ‘nourishment’]. ~ (Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing).


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