• connatural (adj.): 1. belonging to persons by nature or from birth or origin; inborn; 2. of the same or a similar nature; (adv.): connaturally; (n.): connaturality. [1585-95; from Medieval Latin connātūrālis = Latin con- + nātūrālis, ‘natural’; Latin nātūra = nāt(us), past participle of nāscī, ‘to be born’ + -ūra, ‘-ure’]. ~ (Webster’s College Dictionary).

contumacy/contumacity: (...) stubborn perverseness’. (Oxford Dictionary).

Contumacious:

contumacious: (...) stubbornly perverse; of a disease: resistant to treatment. (Oxford Dictionary).

Copulate:

copulate (intr.v. copulated, copulating, copulates): 1. to engage in *sexual intercourse in which the penis is inserted into the vagina*; 2. (used of animals) to transfer male reproductive cells from one individual to another, usually into an internal organ or cavity, such as a cloaca; (adj.): coupled; joined; (n.): copulation; (adj.): copulatory. [emphasis added]. [Latin cōpulāre, cōpulāt-, ‘to join together’, from cōpula, ‘link’, ‘bond’, ‘connection’; from co-, ‘together’ + apere, ‘to fasten’]. ~ (American Heritage Dictionary).

Corpuscle

corpuscle (n.): (physics) a discrete particle such as *an electron*, photon, ion, or atom. [C17: from Latin corpusculum, ‘a little body’, from corpus, ‘body’]. [emphasis added]. ~ (Collins English Dictionary).

Corrigendum:

[Dictionary Definitions]:

• corrigendum (n.; pl. corrigenda): 1. an error to be corrected; 2. (sometimes plural): also called ‘erratum’: a slip of paper inserted into a book after printing, listing errors and corrections. [C19: from Latin: ‘that which is to be corrected’, from corrigere, ‘to correct’]. ~ (Collins English Dictionary).

• corrigendum (n.; pl. corrigenda): 1. an error to be corrected, esp. an error in print; 2. corrigenda, a list of corrections of errors which is inserted in a book or other publication. [1840-50; from Latin: lit. ‘(something) to be corrected’ (neuter gerundive of corrigere); see correct; viz.: corrigere = ‘to make straight’, from cor- + -rigere, combing form of regere, ‘to guide’, ‘rule’ (adjective; from French correct, from Anglo-French correcter), from Latin]. ~ (Webster’s 1913 Dictionary).

• corrigendum (n.; pl. corrigenda): 1. an error to be corrected, esp. an error in print; 2. corrigenda, a list of corrections of errors which is inserted in a book or other publication. [1840-1850; from Latin: lit. (something) to be corrected; neuter gerundive of corrigere; see correct; viz.: corrigere, ‘to make straight’, from cor- + -rigere, combining form of regere, ‘to guide’, ‘rule’; (adjective), from French correct; from Latin]. ~ (Webster’s College Dictionary).

• corrigendum (n.; pl. corrigenda): 1. an error to be corrected, especially a printer’s error; 2. (corrigenda): list of errors in a book along with their corrections; (synonyms): correction, rectification, remediation, redressment, revision, amendment: these nouns mean the making right of what is wrong; correction⁽⁰¹⁾ refers to the elimination of faults, errors, or defects; [e.g.]: “the spelling mistakes required correction immediately”; “The new design furnishes the necessary correction to the flaws in the earlier version”; rectification⁽⁰²⁾ stresses the idea of bringing something into conformity with a standard of what is right; [e.g.]: “It is dishonest to claim the rectification of injustice is without immediate cost”; remediation⁽⁰³⁾ involves removing or counteracting something considered a cause of harm, damage, or discontent; [e.g.]: “The remediation of their abysmal ignorance necessitates their taking of applicable courses”; redressment⁽⁰⁴⁾ refers to setting right something considered immoral or unethical and usually involves some kind of recompense; [e.g.]: “They said he had done very little redressment of the abuses the army had committed against the civilian population”; revision⁽⁰⁵⁾ suggests change which results from careful reconsideration; [e.g.]: “The agency applied a revision of its safety recommendations in view of the new findings”; amendment⁽⁰⁶⁾ implies improvement through alteration or correction; [e.g.]: “Whenever the citizenry shall grow weary of the existing government, they can exercise their constitutional right of amendment, or their revolutionary right of dismemberment, or its overthrow”. [Latin, neuter gerundive of corrigere, ‘to correct’; see correct; viz.: from com-, intensive pref. + regere, ‘to rule’; see reg- in Indo-European roots; viz.: basic form *reg‑; lengthened-grade form *rēg‑, Indo-European word for a tribal king]. [verbal synonyms from ‘correct’ added; edited for nounal consistency].~ (American Heritage Dictionary).
__________
⁽⁰¹⁾correction (n.): 1. something given, done, or proposed as a substitute for what is wrong or inaccurate; 2. the act of correcting; 3. punishment or chastisement; 4. (usually, corrections): the various methods, as incarceration, parole, and probation, by which society deals with convicted offenders; 5. a quantity applied or other adjustment made in order to increase accuracy, as in the use of an instrument or the solution of a problem. ~ (Webster’s 1913 Dictionary).
__________
⁽⁰²⁾rectification (n.): the act or operation of rectifying; as, the rectification of an error; the rectification of spirits; [e.g.]: “After the rectification of his views, he was incapable of compromise with profounder shapes of error”. (Thomas De Quincey; 1785-1859). ~ (Webster’s 1913 Dictionary).
__________
⁽⁰³⁾remediation (n.): the correction of something defective or deficient. ~ (Webster’s 1913 Dictionary).
__________
⁽⁰⁴⁾redressment (n.): the act of redressing; redress (=to put in order again; to emend; to revise; to set right, as a wrong; to repair, as an injury; to make amends for or compensation to; ; to remedy; to relieve of anything unjust or oppressive; to bestow relief upon). ~ (Webster’s 1913 Dictionary).
__________
⁽⁰⁵⁾revision (n.): 1. the act or work of revising; 2. a process of revising; 3. a revised form or version. ~ (Webster’s 1913 Dictionary).
__________
⁽⁰⁶⁾amendment (n.): 1. the act of amending or the state of being amended; 2. an alteration or addition, as to a bill; 3. a change made by correction, addition, or deletion. ~ (Webster’s 1913 Dictionary).

Corrupt:

corrupt: depraved; infected with evil; perverted (...)’. (Oxford Dictionary).

Corruptio Optima Pessima Est: 

• corruptio optimi pessima est (maxim): corruption of the best becomes the worst. [origin: anonymous; Latin saying, found in English from the early seventeenth century]. ~ (Oxford Essential Quotations).

¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

• Interestingly, nobody really knows where the phrase “corruptio optimi pessima est” (‘the worst tragedy is the corruption of the best’) comes from. Some attribute it to Aristotle the Stagirite, 384-322 BCE, but in fact there is no evidence it was used by anybody before Pope Gregory I, 540-604 CE, a.k.a. Saint Gregory the Great, in his 35-book opus “Moralia in Job”, written between 578 and 595 CE.

__________

• [Wikipedia]: “Moralia in Job” (‘Morals in Job’), also called “Moralia, sive Expositio in Job” (‘Morals, or Narration about Job’) or “Magna Moralia” (‘Great Morals’), is a commentary on the Book of Job by Gregory the Great, written between 578 and 595. It was begun when Gregory was at the court of Emperor Tiberius II in Constantinople, but finished only several years after he had returned to Rome. It is Pope Gregory’s major work, filling some 35 books or 6 volumes. Its actual title is ‘An Extensive Consideration of Moral Questions’”.

__________